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authorAaron Griffin <aaron@archlinux.org>2006-10-27 21:09:14 +0000
committerAaron Griffin <aaron@archlinux.org>2006-10-27 21:09:14 +0000
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-.TH pacman 8 "January 21, 2006" "Frugalware User Manual" ""
-.SH NAME
-pacman \- package manager utility
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-\fBpacman <operation> [options] <package> [package] ...\fP
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-\fBpacman\fP is a \fIpackage management\fP utility that tracks installed
-packages on a linux system. It has simple dependency support and the ability
-to connect to a remote ftp server and automatically upgrade packages on
-the local system. pacman package are \fIbzipped tar\fP format.
-.SH OPERATIONS
-.TP
-.B "\-A, \-\-add"
-Add a package to the system. Package will be uncompressed
-into the installation root and the database will be updated.
-.TP
-.B "\-F, \-\-freshen"
-This is like --upgrade except that, unlike --upgrade, this will only
-upgrade packages that are already installed on your system.
-.TP
-.B "\-Q, \-\-query"
-Query the package database. This operation allows you to
-view installed packages and their files, as well as meta-info
-about individual packages (dependencies, conflicts, install date,
-build date, size). This can be run against the local package
-database or can be used on individual .fpm packages. See
-\fBQUERY OPTIONS\fP below.
-.TP
-.B "\-c, \-\-changelog"
-View the changelog of a package.
-.TP
-.B "\-R, \-\-remove"
-Remove a package from the system. Files belonging to the
-specified package will be deleted, and the database will
-be updated. Most configuration files will be saved with a
-\fI.pacsave\fP extension unless the \fB--nosave\fP option was
-used.
-.TP
-.B "\-S, \-\-sync"
-Synchronize packages. With this function you can install packages
-directly from the ftp servers, complete with all dependencies required
-to run the packages. For example, \fBpacman -S qt\fP will download
-qt and all the packages it depends on and install them. You could also use
-\fBpacman -Su\fP to upgrade all packages that are out of date (see below).
-.TP
-.B "\-U, \-\-upgrade"
-Upgrade a package. This is essentially a "remove-then-add"
-process. See \fBHANDLING CONFIG FILES\fP for an explanation
-on how pacman takes care of config files.
-.TP
-.B "\-V, \-\-version"
-Display version and exit.
-.TP
-.B "\-h, \-\-help"
-Display syntax for the given operation. If no operation was
-supplied then the general syntax is shown.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.B "\-d, \-\-nodeps"
-Skips all dependency checks. Normally, pacman will always check
-a package's dependency fields to ensure that all dependencies are
-installed and there are no package conflicts in the system. This
-switch disables these checks.
-.TP
-.B "\-f, \-\-force"
-Bypass file conflict checks, overwriting conflicting files. If the
-package that is about to be installed contains files that are already
-installed, this option will cause all those files to be overwritten.
-This option should be used with care, ideally not at all.
-.TP
-.B "\-r, \-\-root <path>"
-Specify alternative installation root (default is "/"). This
-should \fInot\fP be used as a way to install software into
-e.g. /usr/local instead of /usr. Instead this should be used
-if you want to install a package on a temporary mounted partition,
-which is "owned" by another system. By using this option you not only
-specify where the software should be installed, but you also
-specify which package database to use.
-.TP
-.B "\-v, \-\-verbose"
-Output more status and error messages.
-.TP
-.B "\-\-config <path>"
-Specify an alternate configuration file.
-.TP
-.B "\-\-noconfirm"
-Bypass any and all "Are you sure?" messages. It's not a good idea to do this
-unless you want to run pacman from a script.
-.TP
-.B "\-\-ask <number>"
-Finetune the --noconfirm switch by not answering "yes" to all libalpm
-questions, but you are able to specify yes/no for all type of libalpm
-questions. The types are the followings:
-.nf
-The given package is in IgnorePkg. (1)
-Replace package foo with bar? (2)
-foo conflicts with bar. Remove bar? (4)
-Do you want to delete the corrupted package? (8)
-Local version is newer. (16)
-Local version is up to date. (32)
-.fi
-Select for what types do you want to answer yes, sum up the values and use the
-result as a parameter to this option.
-.TP
-.B "\-\-noprogressbar"
-Do not show a progress bar when downloading files. This can be useful for
-scripts that call pacman and capture the output.
-.SH SYNC OPTIONS
-.TP
-.B "\-c, \-\-clean"
-Remove old packages from the cache. When pacman downloads packages,
-it saves them in \fI/var/cache/pacman/pkg\fP. If you need to free up
-diskspace, you can remove these packages by using the --clean option.
-Using one --clean (or -c) switch will only remove \fIold\fP packages.
-Use it twice to remove \fIall\fP packages from the cache.
-.TP
-.B "\-e, \-\-dependsonly"
-Don't install the packages itself, only their dependencies. This can be
-handy if you want to install the packages themselves with different
-options or from source.
-.TP
-.B "\-g, \-\-groups"
-Display all the members for each package group specified. If no group
-names are provided, all groups will be listed.
-.TP
-.B "\-i, \-\-info"
-Display dependency information for a given package. This will search
-through all repositories for a matching package and display the
-dependencies, conflicts, etc.
-.TP
-.B "\-l, \-\-list"
-List all files in the specified repositories. Multiple repositories can
-be specified on the command line.
-.TP
-.B "\-p, \-\-print-uris"
-Print out URIs for each package that will be installed, including any
-dependencies that have yet to be installed. These can be piped to a
-file and downloaded at a later time, using a program like wget.
-.TP
-.B "\-s, \-\-search <regexp>"
-This will search each package in the package list for names or descriptions
-that contains <regexp>.
-.TP
-.B "\-u, \-\-sysupgrade"
-Upgrades all packages that are out of date. pacman will examine every
-package installed on the system, and if a newer package exists on the
-server it will upgrade. pacman will present a report of all packages
-it wants to upgrade and will not proceed without user confirmation.
-Dependencies are automatically resolved at this level and will be
-installed/upgraded if necessary.
-.TP
-.B "\-w, \-\-downloadonly"
-Retrieve all packages from the server, but do not install/upgrade anything.
-.TP
-.B "\-y, \-\-refresh"
-Download a fresh copy of the master package list from the ftp server
-defined in \fI/etc/pacman.conf\fP. This should typically be used each
-time you use \fB--sysupgrade\fP.
-.TP
-.B "\-\-ignore <pkg>"
-This option functions exactly the same as the \fBIgnorePkg\fP configuration
-directive. Sometimes it can be handy to skip some package updates without
-having to edit \fIpacman.conf\fP each time.
-.SH REMOVE OPTIONS
-.TP
-.B "\-c, \-\-cascade"
-Remove all target packages, as well as all packages that depend on one
-or more target packages. This operation is recursive.
-.TP
-.B "\-k, \-\-keep"
-Removes the database entry only. Leaves all files in place.
-.TP
-.B "\-n, \-\-nosave"
-Instructs pacman to ignore file backup designations. Normally, when
-a file is about to be \fIremoved\fP from the system the database is first
-checked to see if the file should be renamed to a .pacsave extension. If
-\fB--nosave\fP is used, these designations are ignored and the files are
-removed.
-.TP
-.B "\-s, \-\-recursive"
-For each target specified, remove it and all its dependencies, provided
-that (A) they are not required by other packages; and (B) they were not
-explicitly installed by the user.
-This option is analagous to a backwards --sync operation.
-.SH QUERY OPTIONS
-.TP
-.B "\-e, \-\-orphans"
-List all packages that were installed as a dependency (ie, not
-installed explicitly) and are not required by any other
-packages.
-.TP
-.B "\-g, \-\-groups"
-Display all groups that a specified package is part of. If no package
-names are provided, all groups and members will be listed.
-.TP
-.B "\-i, \-\-info"
-Display information on a given package. If it is used with the \fB-p\fP
-option then the .PKGINFO file will be printed.
-.TP
-.B "\-l, \-\-list"
-List all files owned by <package>. Multiple packages can be specified on
-the command line.
-.TP
-.B "\-m, \-\-foreign"
-List all packages that were not found in the sync database(s). Typically these
-are packages that were downloaded manually and installed with --add.
-.TP
-.B "\-o, \-\-owns <file>"
-Search for the package that owns <file>.
-.TP
-.B "\-p, \-\-file"
-Tells pacman that the package supplied on the command line is a
-file, not an entry in the database. Pacman will decompress the
-file and query it. This is useful with \fB--info\fP and \fB--list\fP.
-.TP
-.B "\-s, \-\-search <regexp>"
-This will search each locally-installed package for names or descriptions
-that contains <regexp>.
-.SH HANDLING CONFIG FILES
-pacman uses the same logic as rpm to determine action against files
-that are designated to be backed up. During an upgrade, it uses 3
-md5 hashes for each backup file to determine the required action:
-one for the original file installed, one for the new file that's about
-to be installed, and one for the actual file existing on the filesystem.
-After comparing these 3 hashes, the follow scenarios can result:
-.TP
-original=\fBX\fP, current=\fBX\fP, new=\fBX\fP
-All three files are the same, so we win either way. Install the new file.
-.TP
-original=\fBX\fP, current=\fBX\fP, new=\fBY\fP
-The current file is un-altered from the original but the new one is
-different. Since the user did not ever modify the file, and the new
-one may contain improvements/bugfixes, we install the new file.
-.TP
-original=\fBX\fP, current=\fBY\fP, new=\fBX\fP
-Both package versions contain the exact same file, but the one
-on the filesystem has been modified since. In this case, we leave
-the current file in place.
-.TP
-original=\fBX\fP, current=\fBY\fP, new=\fBY\fP
-The new one is identical to the current one. Win win. Install the new file.
-.TP
-original=\fBX\fP, current=\fBY\fP, new=\fBZ\fP
-All three files are different, so we install the new file with a .pacnew
-extension and warn the user, so she can manually move the file into place
-after making any necessary customizations.
-.SH CONFIGURATION
-pacman will attempt to read \fI/etc/pacman.conf\fP each time it is invoked. This
-configuration file is divided into sections or \fIrepositories\fP. Each section
-defines a package repository that pacman can use when searching for packages in
---sync mode. The exception to this is the \fIoptions\fP section, which defines
-global options.
-.TP
-.SH Example:
-.RS
-.nf
-[options]
-NoUpgrade = etc/passwd etc/group etc/shadow
-NoUpgrade = etc/fstab
-
-Include = /etc/pacman.d/current
-
-[custom]
-Server = file:///home/pkgs
-
-.fi
-.RE
-.SH CONFIG: OPTIONS
-.TP
-.B "DBPath = path/to/db/dir"
-Overrides the default location of the toplevel database directory. The default is
-\fIvar/lib/pacman\fP.
-.TP
-.B "CacheDir = path/to/cache/dir"
-Overrides the default location of the package cache directory. The default is
-\fIvar/cache/pacman\fP.
-.TP
-.B "HoldPkg = <package> [package] ..."
-If a user tries to \fB--remove\fP a package that's listed in HoldPkg, pacman
-will ask for confirmation before proceeding.
-.TP
-.B "IgnorePkg = <package> [package] ..."
-Instructs pacman to ignore any upgrades for this package when performing a
-\fB--sysupgrade\fP.
-.TP
-.B "UpgradeDelay = <number>"
-Upgrade only the packages that are at least <number> days old when
-performing a \fB--sysupgrade\fP.
-.TP
-.B "Include = <path>"
-Include another config file. This config file can include repositories or
-general configuration options.
-.TP
-.B "ProxyServer = <host|ip>[:port]"
-If set, pacman will use this proxy server for all ftp/http transfers.
-.TP
-.B "XferCommand = /path/to/command %u"
-If set, pacman will use this external program to download all remote files.
-All instances of \fB%u\fP will be replaced with the URL to be downloaded. If
-present, instances of \fB%o\fP will be replaced with the local filename, plus a
-".part" extension, which allows programs like wget to do file resumes properly.
-
-This option is useful for users who experience problems with pacman's built-in http/ftp
-support, or need the more advanced proxy support that comes with utilities like
-wget.
-.TP
-.B "NoPassiveFtp"
-Disables passive ftp connections when downloading packages. (aka Active Mode)
-.TP
-.B "NoUpgrade = <file> [file] ..."
-All files listed with a \fBNoUpgrade\fP directive will never be touched during a package
-install/upgrade. \fINote:\fP do not include the leading slash when specifying files.
-.TP
-.B "NoExtract = <file> [file] ..."
-All files listed with a \fBNoExtract\fP directive will never be extracted from
-a package into the filesystem. This can be useful when you don't want part of
-a package to be installed. For example, if your httpd root uses an index.php,
-then you would not want the index.html file to be extracted from the apache
-package.
-.TP
-.B "UseSyslog"
-Log action messages through syslog(). This will insert pacman log entries into your
-/var/log/messages or equivalent.
-.TP
-.B "LogFile = /path/to/file"
-Log actions directly to a file, usually /var/log/pacman.log.
-
-.SH CONFIG: REPOSITORIES
-Each repository section defines a section name and at least one location where the packages
-can be found. The section name is defined by the string within square brackets (eg, the two
-above are 'current' and 'custom'). Locations are defined with the \fIServer\fP directive and
-follow a URL naming structure. Currently only ftp is supported for remote servers. If you
-want to use a local directory, you can specify the full path with a 'file://' prefix, as
-shown above.
-.SH USING YOUR OWN REPOSITORY
-Let's say you have a bunch of custom packages in \fI/home/pkgs\fP and their respective FrugalBuild
-files are all in \fI/var/fst/local\fP. All you need to do is generate a compressed package database
-in the \fI/home/pkgs\fP directory so pacman can find it when run with --refresh.
-
-.RS
-.nf
-# gensync /var/fst/local /home/pkgs/custom.fdb
-.fi
-.RE
-
-The above command will read all FrugalBuild files in /var/fst/local and generate a compressed
-database called /home/pkgs/custom.fdb. Note that the database must be of the form
-\fI{treename}.fdb\fP, where {treename} is the name of the section defined in the
-configuration file.
-That's it! Now configure your \fIcustom\fP section in the configuration file as shown in the
-config example above. Pacman will now use your package repository. If you add new packages to
-the repository, remember to re-generate the database and use pacman's --refresh option.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-\fBmakepkg\fP is the package-building tool that comes with pacman.
-.SH AUTHOR
-.nf
-Judd Vinet <jvinet@zeroflux.org>
-and the Frugalware developers <frugalware-devel@frugalware.org>
-.fi