1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style type="text/css">
@import url('../css/main.css');
</style>
<title>Configuring Parabola (post-install)</title>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1 id="pagetop">Configuring Parabola (post-install)</h1>
<aside>Or <a href="index.html">back to main index</a></aside>
</header>
<hr/>
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#pacman_configure">Configuring pacman</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#pacman_update">Updating Parabola</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#pacman_maintain">Maintaining Parabola during system updates</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#pacman_cacheclean">Clearing package cache after updating</a></li>
<li><a href="#pacman_commandequiv">Pacman command equivalents (compared to other package managers)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#yourfreedom">your-freedom</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#useradd">Add a user account</a></li>
<li><a href="#systemd">System D</a></li>
<li><a href="#interesting_repos">Interesting repositories</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#network">Setup a network connection in Parabola</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#network_hostname">Setting hostname</a></li>
<li><a href="#network_status">Network status</a></li>
<li><a href="#network_devicenames">Network interface names</a></li>
<li><a href="#network_setup">Network setup</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#system_maintain">System maintenance</a> - important!</li>
<li>
<a href="#desktop">Configuring the desktop</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#desktop_xorg">Install Xorg</a></li>
<li><a href="#desktop_kblayout">Xorg keyboard layout</a></li>
<li><a href="#desktop_lxde">Install LXDE</a></li>
<li><a href="#lxde_clock">LXDE - clock</a></li>
<li><a href="#lxde_font">LXDE - font</a></li>
<li><a href="#lxde_screenlock">LXDE - screenlock</a></li>
<li><a href="#lxde_automount">LXDE - automounting</a></li>
<li><a href="#lxde_suspend">LXDE - disable suspend</a></li>
<li><a href="#lxde_battery">LXDE - battery monitor</a></li>
<li><a href="#lxde_network">LXDE - network manager</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr/>
<p>
While not strictly related to the libreboot project, this guide
is intended to be useful for those interested in installing
Parabola on their libreboot machine. This is also beneficial because development
is now being done on Parabola, where Trisquel is no longer used by the maintainer
at the time of writing.
</p>
<p>
It details configuration steps that I took after installing the base system,
as a follow up to <a href="encrypted_parabola.html">encrypted_parabola.html</a>.
This guide is likely to become obsolete at a later date (due to the volatile
'rolling-release' model that Arch/Parabola both use), but attempts will be made to maintain it.
</p>
<p>
<b>
This guide was valid on 2014-09-21. If you see any changes that should to be made at the present date, please get in touch
with the libreboot project!
</b>
</p>
<p>
You do not necessarily have to follow this guide word-for-word; <i>parabola</i> is extremely flexible.
The aim here is to provide a common setup that most users will be happy with. While Parabola
can seem daunting at first glance (especially for new GNU/Linux users), with a simple guide it can provide
all of the same usability as Trisquel, without hiding any details from the user.
</p>
<p>
Paradoxically, as you get more advanced Parabola can actually become <i>easier to use</i>
when you want to setup your machine in a special way compared to what most distributions provide.
You will find over time that other distributions tend to <i>get in your way</i>.
</p>
<p>
<b>
This guide assumes that you already have Parabola installed. If you have not yet installed Parabola,
then <a href="encrypted_parabola.html">this guide</a> is highly recommended!
</b>
</p>
<p>
A lot of the steps in this guide will refer to the Arch wiki. Arch is the upstream distribution that Parabola uses.
Most of this guide will also tell you to read wiki articles, other pages, manuals, and so on. In general it tries
to cherry pick the most useful information but nonetheless you are encouraged to learn as much as possible.
<b>It might take you a few days to fully install your system how you like, depending on how much you need to read. Patience is key,
especially for new users</b>.
</p>
<p>
The Arch wiki will sometimes use bad language, such as calling the whole system Linux, using the term open-source (or closed-source),
and it will sometimes recommend the use of proprietary software. You need to be careful about this when reading anything on the
Arch wiki.
</p>
<p>
Some of these steps require internet access. I'll go into networking later but for now, I just connected
my machine to a switch and did:<br/>
# <b>systemctl start dhcpcd.service</b><br/>
You can stop it later by running:<br/>
# <b>systemctl stop dhcpcd.service</b><br/>
For most people this should be enough, but if you don't have DHCP on your network then you should setup your network connection first:<br/>
<a href="#network">Setup network connection in Parabola</a>
</p>
<hr/>
<h2 id="pacman_configure">Configure pacman</h2>
<p>
pacman (<b>pac</b>kage <b>man</b>ager) is the name of the package management system in Arch, which Parabola
(as a deblobbed parallel effort) also uses. Like with 'apt-get' on debian-based systems like Trisquel,
this can be used to add/remove and update the software on your computer.
</p>
<p>
Based on <a href="https://wiki.parabolagnulinux.org/Installation_Guide#Configure_pacman">https://wiki.parabolagnulinux.org/Installation_Guide#Configure_pacman</a>
and from reading <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman</a> (make sure to read and understand this,
it's very important) and
<a href="https://wiki.parabolagnulinux.org/Official_Repositories">https://wiki.parabolagnulinux.org/Official_Repositories</a>
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<h3 id="pacman_update">Updating Parabola</h3>
<p>
In the end, I didn't change my configuration for pacman. When you are updating, resync with the latest package names/versions:<br/>
# <b>pacman -Syy</b><br/>
(according to the wiki, -Syy is better than Sy because it refreshes the package list even if it appears to be up to date,
which can be useful when switching to another mirror).<br/>
Then, update the system:<br/>
# <b>pacman -Syu</b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
Before installing packages with 'pacman -S', always update first, using the notes above.
</b>
</p>
<p>
Keep an eye out on the output, or read it in /var/log/pacman.log. Sometimes, pacman will show messages
about maintenance steps that you will need to perform with certain files (typically configurations)
after the update. Also, you should check both the Parabola and Arch home pages to see if they mention any issues.
If a new kernel is installed, you should also update to be able to use it (the currently running kernel will
also be fine). It's generally good enough to update Parabola once every week, or maybe twice. As a
rolling release distribution, it's a good idea never to leave your install too outdated; update regularly. This
is simply because of the way the project works; old packages are deleted from the repositories quickly, once they are updated.
A system that hasn't been updated for quite a while will mean potentially more reading of previous posts through the website,
and more maintenance work.
</p>
<p>
The Arch forum can also be useful, if others have the same issue as you (if you encounter issues, that is). Parabola's
IRC channel (#parabola on freenode) can also help you.
</p>
<p>
Due to this and the volatile nature of Parabola/Arch, you should only update when you have at least a couple hours of spare time
in case of issues that need to be resolved. You should never update, for example, if you need your system for an important event,
like a presentation or sending an email to an important person before an allocated deadline, and so on.
</p>
<p>
Relax - packages are well-tested regularly when new updates are made to the repositories. Separate 'testing' repositories
exist for this exact reason. Despite what many people will tell you, Parabola is fairly stable and trouble-free,
so long as you are aware of how to check for issues, and are willing to spend some time fixing issues in
the rare event that they do occur.
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<h3 id="pacman_maintain">Maintaining Parabola</h3>
<p>
Parabola is a very simple distro, in the sense that you are in full control
and everything is made transparent to you. One consequence is
that you also need to know what you are doing, and what you have done before. In general, keeping notes (such as what I have done
with this page) can be very useful as a reference in the future (if you wanted to re-install it or install the distro
on another computer, for example).
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<h4 id="pacman_cacheclean">Cleaning the package cache</h4>
<p>
<b>
The following is very important as you continue to use, update and maintain your Parabola system:<br/>
<a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman#Cleaning_the_package_cache">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman#Cleaning_the_package_cache</a>.
Essentially, this guide talks about a directory that has to be cleaned once in a while, to prevent it from growing too big (it's a cache
of old package information, updated automatically when you do anything in pacman).
</b>
</p>
<p>
To clean out all old packages that are cached:<br/>
# <b>pacman -Sc</b>
</p>
<p>
The wiki cautions that this should be used with care. For example, since older packages are deleted from the repo,
if you encounter issues and want to revert back to an older package then it's useful to have the caches available.
Only do this if you are sure that you won't need it.
</p>
<p>
The wiki also mentions this method for removing everything from the cache, including currently installed packages that are cached:<br/>
# <b>pacman -Scc</b><br/>
This is inadvisable, since it means re-downloading the package again if you wanted to quickly re-install it. This should only be used
when disk space is at a premium.
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<h4 id="pacman_commandequiv">pacman command equivalents</h4>
<p>
The following table lists other distro package manager commands, and their equivalent in pacman:<br/>
<a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman_Rosetta">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman_Rosetta</a>
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<h3 id="yourfreedom">your-freedom</h3>
<p>
your-freedom is a package specific to Parabola, and it is installed by default. What it does is conflict with packages
from Arch that are known to be non-free (proprietary) software. When migrating from Arch (there is a guide on the Parabola
wiki for migrating - converting - an existing Arch system to a Parabola system), installing
your-freedom will also fail if these packages are installed, citing them as conflicts; the recommended solution
is then to delete the offending packages, and continue installing <i>your-freedom</i>.
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<hr/>
<h2 id="useradd">Add a user</h2>
<p>
Based on <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Users_and_Groups">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Users_and_Groups</a>.
</p>
<p>
It is important (for security reasons) to create and use a non-root (non-admin) user account for every day use. The default 'root' account is intended
only for critical administrative work, since it has complete access to the entire operating system.
</p>
<p>
Read the entire document linked to above, and then continue.
</p>
<p>
Add your user:<br/>
# <b>useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/bash <i>yourusername</i></b><br/>
Set a password:<br/>
# <b>passwd <i>yourusername</i></b>
</p>
<p><a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page</a></p>
<hr/>
<h2 id="systemd">systemd</h2>
<p>
This is the name of the system used for managing services in Parabola. It is a good idea to become familiar with it.
Read <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/systemd">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/systemd</a>
and <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/systemd#Basic_systemctl_usage">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/systemd#Basic_systemctl_usage</a>
to gain a full understanding. <b>This is very important! Make sure to read them.</b>
</p>
<p>
An example of a 'service' could be a webserver (such as lighttpd), or sshd (openssh), dhcp, etc. There are countless others.
</p>
<p>
<a href="https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1149530#p1149530">https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1149530#p1149530</a> explains
the background behind the decision by Arch (Parabola's upstream supplier) to use systemd.
</p>
<p>
The manpage should also help:<br/>
# <b>man systemd</b><br/>
The section on 'unit types' is especially useful.
</p>
<p>
According to the wiki, systemd 'journal' keeps logs of a size up to 10% of the total size your / partition takes up.
on a 60GB root this would mean 6GB. That's not exactly practical, and can have performance implications later when the
log gets too big. Based on instructions from the wiki, I will reduce the total size of the journal to 50MiB (the wiki
recommends 50MiB).
</p>
<p>
Open /etc/systemd/journald.conf and find the line that says:<br/>
<i>#SystemMaxUse=</i><br/>
Change it to say:<br/>
<i>SystemMaxUse=50M</i>
</p>
<p>
The wiki also recommended a method for forwarding journal output to TTY 12 (accessible by pressing ctrl+alt+f12,
and you use ctrl+alt+[F1-F12] to switch between terminals). I decided not to enable it.
</p>
<p>
Restart journald:<br/>
# <b>systemctl restart systemd-journald</b>
</p>
<p>
The wiki recommends that if the journal gets too large, you can also simply delete (rm -rf) everything inside /var/log/journald/*
but recommends backing it up. This shouldn't be necessary, since you already set the size limit above and systemd will automatically
start to delete older records when the journal size reaches it's limit (according to systemd developers).
</p>
<p>
Finally, the wiki mentions 'temporary' files and the utility for managing them.<br/>
# <b>man systemd-tmpfiles</b><br/>
The command for 'clean' is:<br/>
# <b>systemd-tmpfiles --clean</b><br/>
According to the manpage, this <i>"cleans all files and directories with an age parameter"</i>.
According to the Arch wiki, this reads information in /etc/tmpfiles.d/ and /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/
to know what actions to perform. Therefore, it is a good idea to read what's stored in these locations
to get a better understanding.
</p>
<p>
I looked in /etc/tmpfiles.d/ and found that it was empty on my system. However, /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/ contained some files.
The first one was etc.conf, containing information and a reference to this manpage:<br/>
# <b>man tmpfiles.d</b><br/>
Read that manpage, and then continue studying all of the files.
</p>
<p>
The systemd developers tell me that it usually isn't necessary to touch the systemd-tmpfiles utility manually at all.
</p>
<p><a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page</a></p>
<hr/>
<h2 id="interesting_repos">Interesting repositories</h2>
<p>
Parabola wiki at <a href="https://wiki.parabolagnulinux.org/Repositories#kernels">https://wiki.parabolagnulinux.org/Repositories#kernels</a>
mentions about a repository called [kernels] for custom kernels that aren't in the default base. It might be worth looking into what is available
there, depending on your use case.
</p>
<p>
I enabled it on my system, to see what was in it. Edit /etc/pacman.conf and below the 'extra' section add:<br/>
<i>
[kernels]<br/>
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
</i>
</p>
<p>
Now sync with the repository:<br/>
# <b>pacman -Syy</b>
</p>
<p>
List all available packages in this repository:<br/>
# <b>pacman -Sl kernels</b>
</p>
<p>
In the end, I decided not to install anything from it but I kept the repository enabled regardless.
</p>
<p><a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a></p>
<hr/>
<h2 id="network">Setup a network connection in Parabola</h2>
<p>
Read <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Configuring_Network">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Configuring_Network</a>.
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<h3 id="network_hostname">Set the hostname</h3>
<p>
This should be the same as the hostname that you set in /etc/hostname when installing Parabola. You can also do it with systemd (do so now, if you like):<br/>
# <b>hostnamectl set-hostname <i>yourhostname</i></b><br/>
This writes the specified hostname to /etc/hostname. More information can be found in these manpages:<br/>
# <b>man hostname</b><br/>
# <b>info hostname</b><br/>
# <b>man hostnamectl</b>
</p>
<p>
Add the same hostname to /etc/hosts, on each line. Example:<br/>
<i>
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost <u>myhostname</u><br/>
::1 localhost.localdomain localhost <u>myhostname</u>
</i>
</p>
<p>
You'll note that I set both lines; the 2nd line is for IPv6. More and more ISP's are providing this now (mine does)
so it's good to be forward-thinking here.
</p>
<p>
The <i>hostname</i> utility is part of the <i>inetutils</i> package and is in core/, installed by default (as part of <i>base</i>).
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<h3 id="network_status">Network Status</h3>
<p>
According to the Arch wiki, <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Udev">udev</a> should already detect the ethernet chipset
and load the driver for it automatically at boot time. You can check this in the <i>"Ethernet controller"</i> section
when running this command:<br/>
# <b>lspci -v</b>
</p>
<p>
Look at the remaining sections <i>'Kernel driver in use'</i> and <i>'Kernel modules'</i>. In my case it was as follows:<br/>
<i>
Kernel driver in use: e1000e<br/>
Kernel modules: e1000e
</i>
</p>
<p>
Check that the driver was loaded by issuing <i>dmesg | grep module_name</i>. In my case, I did:<br/>
# <b>dmesg | grep e1000e</b>
</p>
<h3 id="network_devicenames">Network device names</h3>
<p>
According to <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Configuring_Network#Device_names">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Configuring_Network#Device_names</a>,
it is important to note that the old interface names like eth0, wlan0, wwan0 and so on no longer apply. Instead, <i>systemd</i>
creates device names starting with en (for enternet), wl (for wifi) and ww (for wwan) with a fixed identifier that systemd automatically generates.
An example device name for your ethernet chipset would be <i>enp0s25</i>, where it is never supposed to change.
</p>
<p>
If you want to enable the old names (eth0, wlan0, wwan0, etc), the Arch wiki recommends
adding <i>net.ifnames=0</i> to your kernel parameters (in libreboot context, this would be accomplished by following the
instructions in <a href="grub_cbfs.html">grub_cbfs.html</a>).
</p>
<p>
For background information,
read <a href="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames/">Predictable Network Interface Names</a>
</p>
<p>
Show device names:<br/>
# <b>ls /sys/class/net</b>
</p>
<p>
Changing the device names is possible (I chose not to do it):<br/>
<a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Configuring_Network#Change_device_name">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Configuring_Network#Change_device_name</a>
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<h3 id="network_setup">Network setup</h3>
<p>
I actually chose to ignore most of Networking section on the wiki. Instead, I plan to setup LXDE desktop with the graphical
network-manager client. Here is a list of network managers:<br/>
<a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/List_of_applications/Internet#Network_managers">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/List_of_applications/Internet#Network_managers</a>.
If you need to, set a static IP address (temporarily) using the networking guide an the Arch wiki, or start the dhcpcd service in systemd.
NetworkManager will be setup later, after installing LXDE.
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<hr/>
<h2 id="system_maintain">System Maintenance</h2>
<p>
Read <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/System_maintenance">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/System_maintenance</a> before continuing.
Also read <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Enhance_system_stability">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Enhance_system_stability</a>.
<b>This is important, so make sure to read them!</b>
</p>
<p>
Install smartmontools (can be used to check smart data - note: HDD's use non-free firmware inside, it's transparent to you
but the smart data comes from it. Therefore, don't rely on it too much):<br/>
# <b>pacman -S smartmontools</b><br/>
Read <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/S.M.A.R.T.">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/S.M.A.R.T.</a> to learn how to use it.
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<hr/>
<h2 id="desktop">Configuring the desktop</h2>
<p>
Based on steps from
<a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/General_recommendations#Graphical_user_interface">General Recommendations</a> on the Arch wiki.
The plan is to use LXDE and LXDM/LightDM, along with everything else that you would expect on other distributions that provide LXDE
by default.
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<h3 id="desktop_xorg">Installing Xorg</h3>
<p>
Based on <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xorg">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xorg</a>.
</p>
<p>
Firstly, install it!<br/>
# <b>pacman -S xorg-server</b><br/>
I also recommend installing this (contains lots of useful tools, including <i>xrandr</i>):<br/>
# <b>pacman -S xorg-server-utils</b>
</p>
<p>
Install the driver. For me this was <i>xf86-video-intel</i> on the ThinkPad X60. T60 and macbook11/21 should be the same.<br/>
# <b>pacman -S xf86-video-intel</b><br/>
For other systems you can try:<br/>
# <b>pacman -Ss xf86-video- | less</b><br/>
Combined with looking at your <i>lspci</i> output, you can determine which driver is needed.
By default, Xorg will revert to xf86-video-vesa which is a generic driver and doesn't provide true hardware acceleration.
</p>
<p>
Other drivers (not just video) can be found by looking at the <i>xorg-drivers</i> group:<br/>
# <b>pacman -Sg xorg-drivers</b><br/>
</p>
<p>
Mostly you will rely on a display manager, but in case you ever want to start X without one:<br/>
# <b>pacman -S xorg-xinit</b>
</p>
<p>
<optional><br/>
Arch wiki recommends installing these, for testing that X works:<br/>
# <b>pacman -S xorg-twm xorg-xclock xterm</b><br/>
Refer to <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xinitrc">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xinitrc</a>.
and test X:<br/>
# <b>startx</b><br/>
When you are satisfied, type <b><i>exit</i></b> in xterm, inside the X session.<br/>
Uninstall them (clutter. eww): # <b>pacman -S xorg-xinit xorg-twm xorg-xclock xterm</b><br/>
</optional>
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<h3 id="desktop_kblayout">Xorg keyboard layout</h3>
<p>
Refer to <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Keyboard_configuration_in_Xorg">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Keyboard_configuration_in_Xorg</a>.
</p>
<p>
Xorg uses a different configuration method for keyboard layouts, so you will notice that the layout you
set in /etc/vconsole.conf earlier might not actually be the same in X.
</p>
<p>
To see what layout you currently use, try this on a terminal emulator in X:<br/>
# <b>setxkbmap -print -verbose 10</b>
</p>
<p>
In my case, I wanted to use the Dvorak (UK) keyboard which is quite different from Xorg's default Qwerty (US) layout.
</p>
<p>
I'll just say it now: <i>XkbModel</i> can be <i>pc105</i> in this case (ThinkPad X60, with a 105-key UK keyboard).
If you use an American keyboard (typically 104 keys) you will want to use <i>pc104</i>.
</p>
<p>
<i>XkbLayout</i> in my case would be <i>gb</i>, and <i>XkbVariant</i> would be <i>dvorak</i>.
</p>
<p>
The Arch wiki recommends two different methods for setting the keyboard layout:<br/>
<a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Keyboard_configuration_in_Xorg#Using_X_configuration_files">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Keyboard_configuration_in_Xorg#Using_X_configuration_files</a> and<br/>
<a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Keyboard_configuration_in_Xorg#Using_localectl">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Keyboard_configuration_in_Xorg#Using_localectl</a>.
</p>
<p>
In my case, I chose to use the <i>configuration file</i> method:<br/>
Create the file /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-keyboard.conf and put this inside:<br/>
<i>
Section "InputClass"<br/>
Identifier "system-keyboard"<br/>
MatchIsKeyboard "on"<br/>
Option "XkbLayout" "gb"<br/>
Option "XkbModel" "pc105"<br/>
Option "XkbVariant" "dvorak"<br/>
EndSection
</i>
</p>
<p>
For you, the steps above may differ if you have a different layout. If you use a US Qwerty keyboard, then
you don't even need to do anything (though it might help, for the sake of being explicit).
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<h3 id="desktop_lxde">Install LXDE</h3>
<p>
Desktop choice isn't that important to me, so for simplicity I decided to use LXDE. It's lightweight
and does everything that I need.
If you would like to try something different, refer to
<a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Desktop_environment">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Desktop_environment</a>
</p>
<p>
Refer to <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/LXDE">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/LXDE</a>.
</p>
<p>
Install it, choosing 'all' when asked for the default package list:<br/>
# <b>pacman -S lxde obconf</b>
</p>
<p>
I didn't want the following, so I removed them:<br/>
# <b>pacman -R lxmusic lxtask</b>
</p>
<p>
I also lazily installed all fonts:<br/>
# <b>pacman -S $(pacman -Ssq ttf-)</b>
</p>
<p>
LXDE comes with a terminal. You probably want a browser to go with that; I choose GNU IceCat, part of the <i><a href="https://gnu.org/">GNU project</a></i>:<br/>
# <b>pacman -S icecat</b><br/>
And a mail client:<br/>
# <b>pacman -S icedove</b>
</p>
<p>
In IceCat, go to <i>Preferences :: Advanced</i> and disable <i>GNU IceCat Health Report</i>.
</p>
<p>
I also like to install these:<br/>
# <b>pacman -S xsensors stress htop</b>
</p>
<p>
Enable LXDM (the default display manager, providing a graphical login):<br/>
# <b>systemctl enable lxdm.service</b><br/>
It will start when you boot up the machine. To start it now, do:<br/>
# <b>systemctl start lxdm.service</b>
</p>
<p>
Log in with your standard (non-root) user that you created earlier.
It is advisable to also create an xinitrc rule in case you ever want to start lxde without lxdm.
Read <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xinitrc">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xinitrc</a>.
</p>
<p>
Open LXterminal:<br/>
$ <b>cp /etc/skel/.xinitrc ~</b><br/>
Open .xinitrc and add the following plus a line break at the bottom of the file.<br/>
<i>
# Probably not needed. The same locale info that we set before<br/>
# Based on advice from the LXDE wiki
export LC_ALL=en_GB.UTF-8<br/>
export LANGUAGE=en_GB.UTF-8<br/>
export LANG=en_GB.UTF-8<br/>
<br/>
# Start lxde desktop<br/>
exec startlxde<br/>
</i>
Now make sure that it is executable:<br/>
$ <b>chmod +x .xinitrc</b>
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<h3 id="lxde_clock">LXDE - clock</h3>
<p>
In <b>Digital Clock Settings</b> (right click the clock) I set the Clock Format to <i>%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S</i>
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<h3 id="lxde_font">LXDE - font</h3>
<p>
NOTE TO SELF: come back to this later.
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<h3 id="lxde_screenlock">LXDE - screenlock</h3>
<p>
Arch wiki recommends to use <i>xscreensaver</i>:<br/>
# <b>pacman -S xscreensaver</b>
</p>
<p>
Under <i>Preferences :: Screensaver</i> in the LXDE menu, I chose <i>Mode: Blank Screen Only</i>,
setting <i>Blank After</i>, <i>Cycle After</i> and <i>Lock Screen After</i> (checked) to 10 minutes.
</p>
<p>
You can now lock the screen with <i>Logout :: Lock Screen</i> in the LXDE menu.
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<h3 id="lxde_automount">LXDE - automounting</h3>
<p>
Refer to <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/File_manager_functionality">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/File_manager_functionality</a>.
</p>
<p>
I chose to ignore this for now. NOTE TO SELF: come back to this later.
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<h3 id="lxde_suspend">LXDE - disable suspend</h3>
<p>
When closing the laptop lid, the machine suspends. This is annoying at least to me.
NOTE TO SELF: disable it, then document the steps here.
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<h3 id="lxde_battery">LXDE - battery monitor</h3>
<p>
Right click lxde panel and <i>Add/Remove Panel Items</i>. Click <i>Add</i> and select <i>Battery Monitor</i>, then click <i>Add</i>.
Close and then right-click the applet and go to <i>Battery Monitor Settings</i>, check the box that says <i>Show Extended Information</i>.
Now click <i>Close</i>. When you hover the cursor over it, it'll show information about the battery.
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<h3 id="lxde_network">LXDE - Network Manager</h3>
<p>
Refer to <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/LXDE#Network_Management">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/LXDE#Network_Management</a>.
Then I read: <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/NetworkManager">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/NetworkManager</a>.
</p>
<p>
Install Network Manager:<br/>
# <b>pacman -S networkmanager</b>
</p>
<p>
You will also want the graphical applet:<br/>
# <b>pacman -S network-manager-applet</b><br/>
Arch wiki says that an autostart rule will be written at <i>/etc/xdg/autostart/nm-applet.desktop</i>
</p>
<p>
I want to be able to use a VPN at some point, so the wiki tells me to do:<br/>
# <b>pacman -S networkmanager-openvpn</b>
</p>
<p>
LXDE uses openbox, so I refer to:<br/>
<a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/NetworkManager#Openbox">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/NetworkManager#Openbox</a>.
</p>
<p>
It tells me for the applet I need:<br/>
# <b>pacman -S xfce4-notifyd gnome-icon-theme</b><br/>
Also, for storing authentication details (wifi) I need:<br/>
# <b>pacman -S gnome-keyring</b>
</p>
<p>
I wanted to quickly enable networkmanager:<br/>
# <b>systemctl stop dhcpcd</b><br/>
# <b>systemctl start NetworkManager</b><br/>
Enable NetworkManager at boot time:<br/>
# <b>systemctl enable NetworkManager</b>
</p>
<p>
Restart LXDE (log out, and then log back in).
</p>
<p>
I added the volume control applet to the panel (right click panel, and add a new applet).
I also later changed the icons to use the gnome icon theme, in <i>lxappearance</i>.
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
<hr/>
<p>
Copyright © 2014 Francis Rowe <info@gluglug.org.uk><br/>
This document is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License and all future versions.
A copy of the license can be found at <a href="../license.txt">../license.txt</a>.
</p>
<p>
This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See <a href="../license.txt">../license.txt</a> for more information.
</p>
</body>
</html>
|
