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diff --git a/examples/axes-time-zones/tz/australasia b/examples/axes-time-zones/tz/australasia new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bef6f20 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/axes-time-zones/tz/australasia @@ -0,0 +1,1719 @@ +# <pre> +# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of +# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. + +# This file also includes Pacific islands. + +# Notes are at the end of this file + +############################################################################### + +# Australia + +# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - +Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - +Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - +Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - +Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - +# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which +# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that +# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# Northern Territory +Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb + 9:00 - CST 1899 May + 9:30 Aus CST +# Western Australia +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec + 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul + 8:00 AW WST +Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec + 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul + 8:45 AW CWST + +# Queensland +# +# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): +# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast +# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after +# Queensland ceased to. +# +# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): +# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, +# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. +# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, +# so use Lindeman. +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 + 10:00 Aus EST 1971 + 10:00 AQ EST +Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 + 10:00 Aus EST 1971 + 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul + 10:00 Holiday EST + +# South Australia +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - +Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - +Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - +Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - +Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - +Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - +Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - +Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb + 9:00 - CST 1899 May + 9:30 Aus CST 1971 + 9:30 AS CST + +# Tasmania +# +# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): +# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> +# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - +Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - +Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep + 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 + 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb + 10:00 Aus EST 1967 + 10:00 AT EST +Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep + 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 + 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb + 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul + 10:00 AT EST + +# Victoria +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - +Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb + 10:00 Aus EST 1971 + 10:00 AV EST + +# New South Wales +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - +Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - +Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb + 10:00 Aus EST 1971 + 10:00 AN EST +Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb + 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 + 9:00 - CST 1899 May + 9:30 Aus CST 1971 + 9:30 AN CST 2000 + 9:30 AS CST + +# Lord Howe Island +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - +Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - +Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - +Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - +Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - +Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - +Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - +Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - +Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - +Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - +Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - +Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - +Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - +Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - +Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb + 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar + 10:30 LH LHST + +# Australian miscellany +# +# Ashmore Is, Cartier +# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers +# no times are set +# +# Coral Sea Is +# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists +# no times are set +# +# Macquarie +# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; +# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 +# like Australia/Hobart + +# Christmas +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb + 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time + +# Cook Is +# From Shanks & Pottenger: +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS +Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - +Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua + -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time + -10:00 Cook CK%sT + +# Cocos +# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. +# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 + 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time + +# Fiji +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): +# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST +# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. +# +# "Daylight savings to commence this month" +# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> +# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 +# </a> +# or +# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html +# </a> + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): +# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved +# amendments: +# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> +# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml +# </a> + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): +# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on +# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. +# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March +# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). +# +# Official source: +# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> +# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 +# </a> +# +# A bit more background info here: +# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> +# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html +# </a> + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): +# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 +# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... +# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, +# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: +# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> +# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 +# </a> +# or +# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html +# </a> + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): +# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date +# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). +# +# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> +# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 +# </a> +# which says +# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in +# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to +# 2am on February 26 next year. + +# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) +# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for +# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. +# +# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> +# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 +# </a> +# states: +# +# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 +# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. +# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start +# on the 23rd of October, 2011. + +# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: +# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate +# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st +# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. +# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 +# +# From Paul Eggert (2012-08-31): +# For now, guess a pattern of the penultimate Sundays in October and January. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - +Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - +Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - +Rule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva + 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time + +# French Polynesia +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea + -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time +Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct + -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time +Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete + -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time +# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; +# it is uninhabited. + +# Guam +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 + 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana + 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam + 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time + +# Kiribati +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki + 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time +Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 + -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time + -11:00 - PHOT 1995 + 13:00 - PHOT +Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 + -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time + -10:00 - LINT 1995 + 14:00 - LINT + +# N Mariana Is +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 + 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 + 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time + 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 + 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time + +# Marshall Is +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 + 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time + 12:00 - MHT +Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 + 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct + -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time + 12:00 - MHT + +# Micronesia +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 + 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time +Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia + 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time +Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 + 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time + 12:00 - KOST 1999 + 11:00 - KOST + +# Nauru +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe + 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time + 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 + 11:30 - NRT 1979 May + 12:00 - NRT + +# New Caledonia +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - +Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S +# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. +Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 + 11:00 NC NC%sT + + +############################################################################### + +# New Zealand + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S +Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M +Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S +Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M +Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M +Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S +Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S +# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no +# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. +Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D +Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S +Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S +Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D +Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S +Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D +Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D +Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S +Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S +Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D +Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 + 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 + 12:00 NZ NZ%sT +Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 + 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT + + +# Auckland Is +# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, +# and scientific personnel have wintered + +# Campbell I +# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 +# scientific station operated 1941/1995; +# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered +# was probably like Pacific/Auckland + +############################################################################### + + +# Niue +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi + -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time + -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 + -11:00 - NUT + +# Norfolk +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston + 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time + 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time + +# Palau (Belau) +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror + 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time + +# Papua New Guinea +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 + 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time + 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time + +# Pitcairn +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown + -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 + -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time + +# American Samoa +Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 + -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 + -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time + -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome + -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering + -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa + +# Samoa + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): +# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received +# the following info: +# +# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year +# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first +# Sunday of April 2011." +# +# Background info: +# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> +# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html +# </a> +# +# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not +# contain any dates: +# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> +# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf +# </a> + +# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): +# Please see +# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> +# http://www.mcil.gov.ws +# </a>, +# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday +# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight +# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks +# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" + +# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): +# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website +# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> +# www.mcil.gov.ws +# </a> +# +# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME +# +# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, +# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight +# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). +# +# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes +# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, +# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be +# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). +# +# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, +# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 + +# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): +# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line +# +# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> +# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 +# </a> + +# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): +# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law +# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she +# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather +# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But +# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa +# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: +# +# International Date Line Bill 2011 +# +# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make +# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date +# Line, and for related purposes. +# +# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament +# assembled as follows: +# +# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the +# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act +# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) +# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. +# +# [snip] +# +# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any +# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the +# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. +# +# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa +# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated +# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's +# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and +# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to +# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this +# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that +# it defines Samoa standard time.... + +# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): +# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> +# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html +# </a> +# +# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change +# +# DST +# Year End Time Start Time +# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am +# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - +# +# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 +# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours +# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours +# +# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): +# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 +# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on +# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. +# +# From Nicky (2012-09-10): +# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and +# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013. +# +# Please find link below for more information. +# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html +# +# That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well +# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the +# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue. + +# Western Samoa +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D +Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 + -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 + -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time + -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 + -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 + -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 + -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 + 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00 + 13:00 WS WS%sT + +# Solomon Is +# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara + 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time + +# Tokelau Is +# +# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) +# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping +# December 31 this year ... +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) +# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking +# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... +# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change +# actually was to UTC-11 back then. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) +# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of +# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, +# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau +# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger +# are off by an hour starting in 1901. + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 + -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time + 13:00 - TKT + +# Tonga +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - +Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 + 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time + 13:00 - TOT 1999 + 13:00 Tonga TO%sT + +# Tuvalu +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 + 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time + + +# US minor outlying islands + +# Howland, Baker +# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British +# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. +# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; +# uninhabited thereafter. +# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; +# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, +# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). +# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 +# until they were abandoned after the war. + +# Jarvis +# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. +# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; +# uninhabited thereafter. +# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati + +# Johnston +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST + +# Kingman +# uninhabited + +# Midway +# +# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): +# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, +# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] +# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly +# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting +# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone +# designations that I've never seen before:.... +# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. +# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " +# +Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 + -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 + -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 + -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome + -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering + -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa + +# Palmyra +# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati + +# Wake +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 + 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time + + +# Vanuatu +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - +Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - +Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila + 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time + +# Wallis and Futuna +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 + 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time + +############################################################################### + +# NOTES + +# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, +# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to +# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is +# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). +# +# Gwillim Law writes that a good source +# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport +# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), +# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries +# of the IATA's data after 1990. +# +# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for +# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. +# +# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, +# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which +# I found in the UCLA library. +# +# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is +# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). +# +# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; +# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. +# Corrections are welcome! +# std dst +# LMT Local Mean Time +# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia +# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* +# 9:00 JST Japan +# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia +# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia +# 10:00 ChST Chamorro +# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* +# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 +# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present +# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* +# -11:00 SST Samoa +# -10:00 HST Hawaii +# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* +# +# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. +# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. + +############################################################################### + +# Australia + +# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): +# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> +# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia +# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. + +# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): +# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> +# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales +# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. + +# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): +# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. +# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' +# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the +# abbreviation does _not_ change... +# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least +# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the +# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses +# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight +# time'. +# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian +# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' +# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the +# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers +# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases +# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; +# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. + +# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): +# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: +# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 +# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 +# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 + +# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): +# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: +# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> +# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: +# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> + +# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" +# versus "AEST" etc.: +# +# I see the following points of dispute: +# +# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? +# +# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris +# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper +# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity +# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian +# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. +# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique +# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't +# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. +# +# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous +# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is +# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for +# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. +# +# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? +# +# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in +# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about +# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard +# Time, for example. +# +# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to +# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a +# tiebreaker. +# +# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern +# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with +# the word "Australian"? +# +# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are +# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more +# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more +# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the +# following count of page hits: +# +# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au +# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au +# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au +# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au +# +# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", +# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, +# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer +# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. +# +# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of +# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and +# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here +# are the hit counts anyway: +# +# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au +# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au +# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au +# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au +# +# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au +# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au +# 176 "ACST" and domain:au +# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au +# +# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au +# 68 "AWST" and domain:au +# +# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in +# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given +# the ambiguities involved. +# +# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? +# +# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 +# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, +# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and +# understood in Australia. + +# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): +# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. +# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper +# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, +# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 +# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. +# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. + +# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): +# +# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, +# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more +# relevant entries in this database. +# +# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): +# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> +# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) +# </a> +# ACT +# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> +# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 +# </a> +# SA +# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> +# Standard Time Act, 1898 +# </a> + +# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): +# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by +# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. +# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday +# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. +# +# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): +# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan +# to extend DST together in 2006. +# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt +# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html +# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html +# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 +# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles +# allude to it. +# But not Queensland +# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. + +# Northern Territory + +# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): +# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] +# # [ Nov 1990 ] +# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. +# ... +# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST + +# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): +# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... +# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. + +# Western Australia + +# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): +# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] +# # [ Nov 1990 ] +# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to +# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but +# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus +# # before reaching parliament. +# ... +# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST +# ... +# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W +# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W + +# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): +# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... +# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. + +# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): +# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney +# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at +# work at 9.00am.) +# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse +# everybody again. + +# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): +# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; +# it matches what was used in the past. + +# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> +# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ +# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses +# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. + +# Queensland +# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): +# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] +# # [ Dec 1990 ] +# ... +# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST +# ... +# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E +# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E + +# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): +# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from +# October 1989). + +# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): +# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... +# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving +# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... + +# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): +# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact +# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised +# me.) + +# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): +# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted +# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... +# ... +# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S +# ... + +# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): +# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. + +# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning +# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): +# WA are trialing DST for three years. +# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> + +# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): +# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the +# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western +# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The +# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so +# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the +# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South +# Australia and Western Australia.... +# +# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): +# This is confirmed by the section entitled +# "What's the deal with time zones???" in +# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. +# +# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): +# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, +# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern +# coast of the continent. +# +# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no +# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border +# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west +# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is +# the largest population centre in this zone.... +# +# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the +# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I +# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, +# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. +# +# (2006-12-09): +# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving +# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis +# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well +# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): +# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the +# introduction of standard time in 1895. + + +# southeast Australia +# +# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): +# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT +# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. +# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html + + +# South Australia + +# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): +# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... +# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving +# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... + +# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): +# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] +# # [ Nov 1990 ] +# ... +# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST +# ... +# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C +# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C +# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C + +# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): +# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide +# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, +# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." + +# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): +# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) +# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even +# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival +# is on... + +# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): +# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... +# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... +# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). + +# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): +# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, +# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can +# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... + +# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): +# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... +# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... +# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. + +# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): +# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. + +# Tasmania + +# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd +# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): +# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] +# # [ Nov 1990 ] + +# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): +# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have +# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia +# (but nothing new about that). + +# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): +# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the +# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, +# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria +# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 +# instead of the first Sunday in October. + +# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: +# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 + +# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): +# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. + +# Victoria + +# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd +# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): +# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] +# # [ Nov 1990 ] + +# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): +# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an +# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was +# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar +# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located +# in Melbourne, Australia. +# +# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which +# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day +# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's +# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, +# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the +# expected time. +# +# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had +# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of +# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps +# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. +# +# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html +# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au + +# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): +# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. + +# New South Wales + +# From Arthur David Olson: +# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. +# Based on law library research by John Mackin, +# who notes: +# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the +# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' +# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common +# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the +# legislation. This is very important to understand. +# I have researched New South Wales time only... + +# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): +# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual +# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, +# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> +# Two months more daylight saving +# </a> +# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] + +# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): +# See the following official NSW source: +# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> +# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. +# </a> +# +# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of +# daylight saving next year. See: +# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> +# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving +# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. +# +# Victoria will following NSW. See: +# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> +# Vic to extend daylight saving +# </a> (1999-07-28). +# +# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: +# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> +# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request +# </a> (1999-07-19). +# +# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: +# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> +# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics +# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying +# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time +# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very +# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of +# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. +# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' +# +# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: +# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> +# Broken Hill to be behind the times +# </a> (1999-07-21). + +# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian +# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken +# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. + +# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: +# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW +# towns to use Queensland time. + +# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): +# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. + +# Yancowinna + +# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): +# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. + +# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): +# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] +# # [ Dec 1990 ] +# ... +# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the +# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings +# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government +# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have +# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not +# # presently available. +# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST +# ... +# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C +# [followed by other Rules] + +# Lord Howe Island + +# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): +# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] +# [ Dec 1990 ] +# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an +# hour ahead of NSW time. + +# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): +# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same +# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the +# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is +# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time +# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour +# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents +# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing +# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will +# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. + +# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): +# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards +# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently +# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as +# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start +# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and +# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. + +# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): +# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): +# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight +# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 +# summer (southern hemisphere). +# +# From +# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> +# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf +# </a> +# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling +# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. +# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each +# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. +# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia +# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and +# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... +# +# We have a wrap-up here: +# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> +# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html +# </a> +############################################################################### + +# New Zealand + +# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): +# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. +# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for +# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). +# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. + +# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): +# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! +# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. +# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] +# # [ Nov 1990 ] +# ... +# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S +# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S +# ... +# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand +# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island + +# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): +# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 +# rather than the October 1 value. + +# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); +# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. +# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight +# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard +# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. +# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, +# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. +# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. +# +# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with +# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham +# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. + +# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): +# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the +# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning +# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. +# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended + +############################################################################### + + +# Fiji + +# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji +# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time +# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). + +# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): +# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 +# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will +# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. + +# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): +# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. + +# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): +# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to +# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it +# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific +# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new +# millenium. + +# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) +# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. + +# Johnston + +# Johnston data is from usno1995. + + +# Kiribati + +# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): +# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati +# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' +# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. + + +# Kwajalein + +# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: +# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, +# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with +# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, +# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. + + +# N Mariana Is, Guam + +# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the +# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones +# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. +# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; +# see Asia/Manila. + +# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, +# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, +# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, +# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". + + +# Micronesia + +# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), +# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" +# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' +# +# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 +# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. + +# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): +# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in +# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> +# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information +# </a> (1999-01-26) +# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. +# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. + + +# Midway + +# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), +# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection +# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): +# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight +# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, +# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 +# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to +# air at 6am your time. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): +# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they +# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years +# in Midway, but we have no record of it. + + +# Pitcairn + +# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): +# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 +# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. +# +# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be +# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known +# as Pitcairn Standard Time. +# +# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several +# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation +# somehow in light of this proclamation. + +# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): +# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 +# ... at midnight. + +# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: +# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as +# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in +# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. + + +# Samoa + +# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) +# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change +# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, +# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that +# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' + + +# Tonga + +# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): +# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting +# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' +# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. + +# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle +# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> +# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' +# </a>: + +# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST +# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its +# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its +# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of +# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees +# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). +# +# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince +# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time +# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. +# +# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer +# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 +# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 +# minutes we have lost?" +# +# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that +# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth +# to say your prayers in the morning." + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. + +# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): +# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium +# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. +# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from +# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan +# Government. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): +# * Tonga will introduce DST in November +# +# I was given this link by John Letts: +# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> +# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm +# </a> +# +# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November +# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead +# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead +# (12 + 1 hour DST). + +# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): +# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> +# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html +# </a>: +# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 +# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the +# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on +# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and +# set back an hour on the closing date." +# Alas, no indication of the time of day. + +# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): +# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. +# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): +# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com +# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 +# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article +# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the +# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. +# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) + +# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): +# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. + +# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: +# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom +# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday +# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one +# hour to 1:00am. + +# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): +# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. + + +# Wake + +# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, +# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): +# +# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the +# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the +# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we +# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time +# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost +# impossible. +# +# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm + +# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): +# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. + +############################################################################### + +# The International Date Line + +# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): +# +# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, +# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. +# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on +# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. +# +# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and +# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL +# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most +# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line +# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific +# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international +# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is +# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some +# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not +# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the +# correct date is ambiguous. + +# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): +# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting +# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's +# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's +# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the +# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all +# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones +# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any +# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted +# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's +# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were +# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many +# independent merchant ships until World War II. + +# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen +# (2005-03-20): +# +# The American Practical Navigator (2002) +# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> +# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in +# international waters; it ignores the international date line. |