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/* nut.c - A simple NUT encoder with the following properties:
*
* - Each frame is an uncompressed 8-bit RGB (specifically `(msb)2B
* 3G 3R(lsb)`, known as the 4CC "BGR\x08") framebuffer.
*
* - Each pixel in the framebuffer is non-square; it is twice as tall
* as it is wide.
*
* - The display-resolution of each frame may change between 640x480,
* 720x480, and 720x576. This is the display-resolution; because
* of non-square pixels, the framebuffer for each would be 640x240,
* 720x240, and 720x288, respectively.
*
* - VFR (Variable Frame Rate) - Each frame has its own timestamp.
*/
#include "common.h"
/* High-level (specific to the properties we want) ****************************/
enum app_res {
APP_RES_640_480 = 0,
APP_RES_720_480 = 1,
APP_RES_720_576 = 2,
};
#define APP_RES_MIN APP_RES_640_480
#define APP_RES_MAX APP_RES_720_576
size_t app_res_w(enum app_res res) {
switch (res) {
case APP_RES_640_480: return 640;
case APP_RES_720_480: return 720;
case APP_RES_720_576: return 720;
default: assert_notreached("invalid res");
}
}
size_t app_res_h(enum app_res res) {
switch (res) {
case APP_RES_640_480: return 480/2;
case APP_RES_720_480: return 480/2;
case APP_RES_720_576: return 576/2;
default: assert_notreached("invalid res");
}
}
size_t app_res_fb_size(enum app_res res) {
return app_res_w(res)*app_res_h(res);
}
size_t app_res_sm_size(enum app_res) {
/* See app_write_frame() */
return 19;
}
#define APP_FRAME_SIZE_MSB_MUL 0x2000 /* must be less than 0x4000 */
#define APP_FRAME_MAX_HEADER 16
struct app_state {
enum app_res res;
};
#define APP_COMMON_FLAGS \
NUT_FRAMEFLAG_KEY | /* Because they're full framebuffers, all frames are keyframes. */ \
NUT_FRAMEFLAG_SIZE_MSB | /* 640*480/2 > 16384 (the max val of data_size_lsb). */ \
NUT_FRAMEFLAG_CODED_PTS | /* framerate is unknown, each frame must have a timestamp. */ \
NUT_FRAMEFLAG_CHECKSUM /* framerate is unknown, guard against exceeding max_pts_distance. */
bool app_write_intro(int fd, struct app_state *state, uint64_t time_ns) {
struct buf out = {0};
struct buf pkt = {0};
unsigned int frame_code = 0;
#define INC_FRAME_CODE() do { frame_code++; if (frame_code == 'N') frame_code++; } while(0)
append(&out, nut_file_id_string, sizeof(nut_file_id_string));
/* Changing resolution mid-stream requires per-fame side-data,
* which requires FLAG_SM_DATA, which requires NUT v4.
*
* Unfortunately, libnut / nututils does not support v4, so
* there goes a good debugging tool.
*/
#define BOGUS(n) n
/* main_header ********************************************************/
pkt.len = 0;
/* head *******************************************/
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 4); /*! version */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 0); /*! minor_version */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 1); /*! stream_count */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, /*! max_distance */
APP_FRAME_MAX_HEADER +
app_res_sm_size(APP_RES_MAX) +
app_res_fb_size(APP_RES_MAX));
/* time bases *************************************/
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 1); /*! time_base_count */
/* time_base[0] = 1ns */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 1); /*! numerator */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 1000000000ULL); /*! denominator */
/* frame codes ************************************/
/* "A muxer SHOULD mark [frame codes] 0x00 and 0xFF as invalid" */
/* frame_code=0 (invalid) */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, NUT_FRAMEFLAG_INVALID); /*! flags */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 2); /*! field_count */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, BOGUS(0)); /*! 0: fields.pts */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 1); /*! 1: fields.size_msb_nul */
INC_FRAME_CODE();
for (enum app_res res = APP_RES_MIN; res <= APP_RES_MAX; res++) {
/* frame_code=(res*2)+1 (at `res`) */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, APP_COMMON_FLAGS); /*! flags */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 6); /*! field_count */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, BOGUS(0)); /*! 0: fields.pts */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, APP_FRAME_SIZE_MSB_MUL); /*! 1: fields.size_msb_nul */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 0); /*! 2: fields.stream */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, /*! 3: fields.size_lsb */
app_res_fb_size(res) % APP_FRAME_SIZE_MSB_MUL);
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 0); /*! 4: fields.reserved */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 1); /*! 5: fields.count */
INC_FRAME_CODE();
/* frame_code=(res*2)+2 (change to `res`) */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, APP_COMMON_FLAGS| /*! flags */
NUT_FRAMEFLAG_SM_DATA);
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 6); /*! field_count */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, BOGUS(0)); /*! 0: fields.pts */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, APP_FRAME_SIZE_MSB_MUL); /*! 1: fields.size_msb_nul */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 0); /*! 2: fields.stream */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, /*! 3: fields.size_lsb */
(app_res_sm_size(res) + app_res_fb_size(res)) % APP_FRAME_SIZE_MSB_MUL);
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 0); /*! 4: fields.reserved */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 1); /*! 5: fields.count */
INC_FRAME_CODE();
}
/* frame_code=N-255 (invalid) */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, NUT_FRAMEFLAG_INVALID); /*! flags */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 2); /*! field_count */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, BOGUS(0)); /*! 0: fields.pts */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, /*! 1: fields.size_msb_nul */
256-frame_code-(frame_code < 'N' ? 1 : 0));
/* tail *******************************************/
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 0); /*! header_count_minus_1 */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, NUT_MAINFLAG_PIPE_MODE); /*! main_flags */
nut_append_packet(&out, nut_startcode_main, pkt.dat, pkt.len);
/* stream_header ******************************************************/
pkt.len = 0;
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 0); /*! stream_id */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, NUT_STREAMCLASS_VIDEO); /*! stream_class */
nut_append_vb(&pkt, "BGR\x08", 4); /*! fourcc */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 0); /*! time_base_id */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, BOGUS(0)); /*! msb_pts_shift (only relevant if FRAMEFLAG_CODED_PTS) */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, BOGUS(0)); /*! max_pts_distance (all frames have a checksum) */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 0); /*! decode_delay */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 0); /*! stream_flags */
nut_append_vb(&pkt, NULL, 0); /*! codec_specific_data */
state->res = APP_RES_640_480;
nut_append_vu(&pkt, app_res_w(state->res)); /*! width */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, app_res_h(state->res)); /*! height */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 1); /*! sample_width */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 2); /*! sample_height */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, NUT_COLORSPACE_UNKNOWN); /*! colorspace_type */
nut_append_packet(&out, nut_startcode_stream, pkt.dat, pkt.len);
/* syncpoint **********************************************************/
pkt.len = 0;
nut_append_vu(&pkt, time_ns); /*! global_key_pts */
nut_append_vu(&pkt, 0); /*! back_ptr_div16 */
nut_append_packet(&out, nut_startcode_syncpoint, pkt.dat, pkt.len);
/* flush **************************************************************/
#undef BOGUS
bool ret = xwrite(fd, out.dat, out.len);
free(out.dat);
free(pkt.dat);
return ret;
}
bool app_write_frame(int fd, struct app_state *state, uint64_t time_ns, enum app_res res, void *framebuffer) {
assert(framebuffer);
struct buf out = {0};
struct buf pkt = {0};
/* frame header ( 1+10+1+4 = 16 bytes) */
uint64_t frame_beg = out.len;
nut_append_u8(&out, 1+(2*res)+(res != state->res ? 1 : 0)); /*! frame_code (1 byte) */
nut_append_vu(&out, time_ns); /*! coded_pts (<=10 bytes) */
nut_append_vu(&out, /*! data_size_msb (1 byte) */
(app_res_fb_size(res) + (res != state->res ? app_res_sm_size(res) : 0)) / APP_FRAME_SIZE_MSB_MUL);
nut_append_u32(&out, nut_crc32(&out.dat[frame_beg], out.len - frame_beg)); /*! checksum (4 bytes) */
assert(out.len <= APP_FRAME_MAX_HEADER);
/* side/meta data ( 1+(6+2)+(7+2)+1 = 19 bytes) */
if (res != state->res) {
uint64_t data_beg = out.len;
nut_append_vu(&out, 2); /*! side_data_count (1 byte) */
nut_append_vb_str(&out, "Width"); /*! side_data[0].name (1+5 bytes) */
nut_append_vu(&out, app_res_w(res)); /*! side_data[0].value (2 bytes) */
nut_append_vb_str(&out, "Height"); /*! side_data[1].name (1+6 bytes) */
nut_append_vu(&out, app_res_h(res)); /*! side_data[1].value (2 bytes) */
nut_append_vu(&out, 0); /*! meta_data_count (1 byte) */
assert(out.len - data_beg == app_res_sm_size(res));
}
/* flush */
bool err = xwrite(fd, out.dat, out.len);
free(out.dat);
free(pkt.dat);
if (err)
return true;
/* frame data */
if (xwrite(fd, framebuffer, app_res_fb_size(res)))
return true;
/* return */
state->res = res;
return false;
}
/* Demo application ***********************************************************/
int main() {
struct app_state state;
if (app_write_intro(1, &state, 0))
return 1;
uint8_t framebuffer[app_res_fb_size(APP_RES_MAX)];
#define SCALE 10
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
memset(framebuffer, 0, sizeof(framebuffer));
for (int y = 0; y < 4*SCALE; y++)
for (int x = 0; x < 8*SCALE; x++)
framebuffer[(y*app_res_w(i%3))+x] = font[i][((y/SCALE)*8)+(x/SCALE)] == ' ' ? 0b11000000 : 0b00000011;
if (app_write_frame(1, &state, ((uint64_t)i)*1000000000ULL, i%3, framebuffer))
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
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