path: root/lib9p/types.gen

#!/usr/bin/env python
# lib9p/types.gen - Generate C marshalers/unmarshalers for .txt files
#                   defining 9P protocol variants.
#
# Copyright (C) 2024  Luke T. Shumaker <lukeshu@lukeshu.com>
# SPDX-Licence-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

import enum
import os.path
import re
from typing import Callable

# This strives to be "general-purpose" in that it just acts on the
# *.txt inputs; but (unfortunately?) there are a few special-cases in
# this script, marked with "SPECIAL".

# Parse *.txt ##################################################################


class Atom(enum.Enum):
    u8 = 1
    u16 = 2
    u32 = 4
    u64 = 8

    @property
    def name(self) -> str:
        return str(self.value)

    @property
    def static_size(self) -> int:
        return self.value


# `msgid/structname = "member1 member2..."`
# `structname = "member1 member2..."`
# `structname += "member1 member2..."`
class Struct:
    msgid: int | None = None
    msgver: set[str]
    name: str
    members: list["Member"]

    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.msgver = set()

    @property
    def static_size(self) -> int | None:
        size = 0
        for member in self.members:
            msize = member.static_size
            if msize is None:
                return None
            size += msize
        return size


# `cnt*(name[typ])`
# the `cnt*(...)` wrapper is optional
class Member:
    cnt: str | None = None
    name: str
    typ: Atom | Struct
    ver: set[str]

    @property
    def static_size(self) -> int | None:
        if self.cnt:
            return None
        return self.typ.static_size


re_membername = "(?:[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*)"
re_memberspec = (
    f"(?:(?P<cnt>{re_membername})\\*\\()?(?P<name>{re_membername})\\[(?P<typ>.*)\\]\\)?"
)


def parse_members(
    ver: str, env: dict[str, Atom | Struct], existing: list[Member], specs: str
) -> list[Member]:
    ret = existing
    for spec in specs.split():
        m = re.fullmatch(re_memberspec, spec)
        if not m:
            raise SyntaxError(f"invalid member spec {repr(spec)}")

        member = Member()
        member.ver = {ver}

        member.name = m.group("name")
        if any(x.name == member.name for x in ret):
            raise ValueError(f"duplicate member name {repr(member.name)}")

        if m.group("typ") not in env:
            raise NameError(f"Unknown type {repr(m.group(2))}")
        member.typ = env[m.group("typ")]

        if cnt := m.group("cnt"):
            if len(ret) == 0 or ret[-1].name != cnt:
                raise ValueError(f"list count must be previous item: {repr(cnt)}")
            if not isinstance(ret[-1].typ, Atom):
                raise ValueError(f"list count must be an integer type: {repr(cnt)}")
            member.cnt = cnt

        ret += [member]
    return ret


re_version = r'version\s+"(?P<version>[^"]+)"'
re_import = r"from\s+(?P<file>\S+)\s+import\s+(?P<syms>\S+(?:\s*,\s*\S+)*)\s*"
re_structspec = (
    r'(?:(?P<msgid>[0-9]+)/)?(?P<name>\S+)\s*(?P<op>\+?=)\s*"(?P<members>[^"]*)"'
)
re_structspec_cont = r'"(?P<members>[^"]*)"'


def parse_file(
    filename: str, get_include: Callable[[str], tuple[str, list[Struct]]]
) -> tuple[str, list[Struct]]:
    version: str | None = None
    env: dict[str, Atom | Struct] = {
        "1": Atom.u8,
        "2": Atom.u16,
        "4": Atom.u32,
        "8": Atom.u64,
    }
    with open(filename, "r") as fh:
        prev: Struct | None = None
        for line in fh:
            line = line.split("#", 1)[0].strip()
            if not line:
                continue
            if m := re.fullmatch(re_version, line):
                if version:
                    raise SyntaxError("must have exactly 1 version line")
                version = m.group("version")
            elif m := re.fullmatch(re_import, line):
                if not version:
                    raise SyntaxError("must have exactly 1 version line")
                other_version, other_structs = get_include(m.group("file"))
                for symname in m.group("syms").split(sep=","):
                    symname = symname.strip()
                    for struct in other_structs:
                        if struct.name == symname or symname == "*":
                            if struct.msgid:
                                struct.msgver.add(version)
                            for member in struct.members:
                                if other_version in member.ver:
                                    member.ver.add(version)
                            env[struct.name] = struct
            elif m := re.fullmatch(re_structspec, line):
                if not version:
                    raise SyntaxError("must have exactly 1 version line")
                if m.group("op") == "+=" and m.group("msgid"):
                    raise SyntaxError("cannot += to a message that is not yet defined")
                match m.group("op"):
                    case "=":
                        struct = Struct()
                        if m.group("msgid"):
                            struct.msgid = int(m.group("msgid"))
                            struct.msgver.add(version)
                        struct.name = m.group("name")
                        struct.members = parse_members(
                            version, env, [], m.group("members")
                        )
                        env[struct.name] = struct
                        prev = struct
                    case "+=":
                        if m.group("name") not in env:
                            raise NameError(f"Unknown type {repr(m.group('name'))}")
                        _struct = env[m.group("name")]
                        if not isinstance(_struct, Struct):
                            raise NameError(
                                f"Type {repr(m.group('name'))} is not a struct"
                            )
                        struct = _struct
                        struct.members = parse_members(
                            version, env, struct.members, m.group("members")
                        )
                        prev = struct
            elif m := re.fullmatch(re_structspec_cont, line):
                if not prev:
                    raise SyntaxError("continuation line must come after a struct line")
                assert version
                prev.members = parse_members(
                    version, env, prev.members, m.group("members")
                )
            else:
                raise SyntaxError(f"invalid line {repr(line)}")
    if not version:
        raise SyntaxError("must have exactly 1 version line")
    structs = [x for x in env.values() if isinstance(x, Struct)]
    return version, structs


# Generate C ###################################################################


def c_typename(idprefix: str, typ: Atom | Struct) -> str:
    match typ:
        case Atom():
            return f"uint{typ.value*8}_t"
        case Struct():
            if typ.msgid is not None:
                return f"struct {idprefix}msg_{typ.name}"
            return f"struct {idprefix}{typ.name}"
        case _:
            raise ValueError(f"not a type: {typ.__class__.__name__}")


def c_verenum(idprefix: str, ver: str) -> str:
    return f"{idprefix.upper()}VER_{ver.replace('.', '_')}"


def c_vercomment(versions: set[str]) -> str | None:
    if "9P2000" in versions:
        return None
    return "/* " + (", ".join(sorted(versions))) + " */"


def c_vercond(idprefix: str, versions: set[str]) -> str:
    if len(versions) == 1:
        return f"(ctx->ctx->version=={c_verenum(idprefix, next(v for v in versions))})"
    return (
        "( " + (" || ".join(c_vercond(idprefix, {v}) for v in sorted(versions))) + " )"
    )


def gen_h(idprefix: str, versions: set[str], structs: list[Struct]) -> str:
    guard = "_LIB9P__TYPES_H_"
    ret = f"""/* Generated by `{' '.join(sys.argv)}`.  DO NOT EDIT!  */

#ifndef {guard}
#define {guard}

#include <stdint.h> /* for uint{{n}}_t types */
"""

    ret += f"""
/* versions *******************************************************************/

enum {idprefix}version {{
	{idprefix.upper()}VER_UNINITIALIZED = 0,
"""
    verwidth = max(len(v) for v in versions)
    for ver in sorted(versions):
        ret += f"\t{c_verenum(idprefix, ver)},"
        ret += (" " * (verwidth - len(ver))) + ' /* "' + ver + '" */\n'
    ret += f"\t{idprefix.upper()}VER_NUM,\n"
    ret += "};\n"

    ret += """
/* non-message structs ********************************************************/
"""
    for struct in structs:
        if struct.msgid is not None:
            continue

        all_the_same = len(struct.members) == 0 or all(
            m.ver == struct.members[0].ver for m in struct.members
        )
        typewidth = max(len(c_typename(idprefix, m.typ)) for m in struct.members)
        if not all_the_same:
            namewidth = max(len(m.name) for m in struct.members)

        ret += "\n"
        ret += c_typename(idprefix, struct) + " {\n"
        for member in struct.members:
            ret += f"\t{c_typename(idprefix, member.typ).ljust(typewidth)}  {'*' if member.cnt else ' '}{member.name};"
            if (not all_the_same) and (comment := c_vercomment(member.ver)):
                ret += (" " * (namewidth - len(member.name))) + " " + comment
            ret += "\n"
        ret += "};\n"

    ret += """
/* messages *******************************************************************/

"""
    ret += f"enum {idprefix}msg_type {{ /* uint8_t */\n"
    namewidth = max(len(msg.name) for msg in structs if msg.msgid is not None)
    for msg in structs:
        if msg.msgid is None:
            continue
        ret += f"\t{idprefix.upper()}TYP_{msg.name.ljust(namewidth)} = {msg.msgid},"
        if comment := c_vercomment(msg.msgver):
            ret += " " + comment
        ret += "\n"
    ret += "};\n"

    ret += "\n"
    ret += f"#define {idprefix.upper()}TYPECODE_FOR_CTYPE(msg) _Generic((msg)"
    for msg in structs:
        if msg.msgid is None:
            continue
        ret += (
            f", \\\n\t\t{c_typename(idprefix, msg)}: {idprefix.upper()}TYP_{msg.name}"
        )
    ret += ")\n"

    for msg in structs:
        if msg.msgid is None:
            continue

        ret += "\n"
        if comment := c_vercomment(msg.msgver):
            ret += comment + "\n"
        ret += c_typename(idprefix, msg) + " {"
        if not msg.members:
            ret += "};\n"
            continue
        ret += "\n"

        all_the_same = len(msg.members) == 0 or all(
            m.ver == msg.members[0].ver for m in msg.members
        )
        typewidth = max(len(c_typename(idprefix, m.typ)) for m in msg.members)
        if not all_the_same:
            namewidth = max(len(m.name) for m in msg.members)

        for member in msg.members:
            ret += f"\t{c_typename(idprefix, member.typ).ljust(typewidth)}  {'*' if member.cnt else ' '}{member.name};"
            if (not all_the_same) and (comment := c_vercomment(member.ver)):
                ret += (" " * (namewidth - len(member.name))) + " " + comment
            ret += "\n"
        ret += "};\n"

    ret += "\n"
    ret += f"#endif /* {guard} */\n"
    return ret


def gen_c(idprefix: str, versions: set[str], structs: list[Struct]) -> str:
    ret = f"""/* Generated by `{' '.join(sys.argv)}`.  DO NOT EDIT!  */

#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stddef.h>   /* for size_t */
#include <inttypes.h> /* for PRI* macros */
#include <string.h>   /* for memset() */

#include <lib9p/9p.h>

#include "internal.h"
"""

    def used(arg: str) -> str:
        return arg

    def unused(arg: str) -> str:
        return f"UNUSED({arg})"

    # checksize_* ##############################################################
    ret += """
/* checksize_* (internals of unmarshal_size()) ********************************/

static inline bool _checksize_net(struct _checksize_ctx *ctx, uint32_t n) {
	if (__builtin_add_overflow(ctx->net_offset, n, &ctx->net_offset))
		/* If needed-net-size overflowed uint32_t, then
		 * there's no way that actual-net-size will live up to
		 * that.  */
		return lib9p_error(ctx->ctx, LINUX_EBADMSG, "message is too short for content");
	if (ctx->net_offset > ctx->net_size)
		return lib9p_error(ctx->ctx, LINUX_EBADMSG, "message is too short for content");
	return false;
}

static inline bool _checksize_host(struct _checksize_ctx *ctx, size_t n) {
	if (__builtin_add_overflow(ctx->host_extra, n, &ctx->host_extra))
		/* If needed-host-size overflowed size_t, then there's
		 * no way that actual-net-size will live up to
		 * that.  */
		return lib9p_error(ctx->ctx, LINUX_EBADMSG, "message is too short for content");
	return false;
}

static inline bool _checksize_list(struct _checksize_ctx *ctx,
                                   size_t cnt, _checksize_fn_t item_fn, size_t item_host_size) {
	for (size_t i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
		if (_checksize_host(ctx, item_host_size) || item_fn(ctx))
			return true;
	return false;
}

#define checksize_1(ctx) _checksize_net(ctx, 1)
#define checksize_2(ctx) _checksize_net(ctx, 2)
#define checksize_4(ctx) _checksize_net(ctx, 4)
#define checksize_8(ctx) _checksize_net(ctx, 8)
"""
    for struct in structs:
        inline = " inline" if struct.msgid is None else ""
        argfn = used if struct.members else unused
        ret += "\n"
        ret += f"static{inline} bool checksize_{struct.name}(struct _checksize_ctx *{argfn('ctx')}) {{"
        if len(struct.members) == 0:
            ret += "\n\treturn false;\n"
            ret += "}\n"
            continue

        if struct.name == "d":  # SPECIAL
            # Optimize... maybe the compiler could figure out to do
            # this, but let's make it obvious.
            ret += "\n"
            ret += "\tuint32_t base_offset = ctx->net_offset;\n"
            ret += "\tif (checksize_4(ctx))\n"
            ret += "\t\treturn true;\n"
            ret += "\tuint32_t len = decode_u32le(&ctx->net_bytes[base_offset]);\n"
            ret += "\treturn _checksize_net(ctx, len) || _checksize_host(ctx, len);\n"
            ret += "}\n"
            continue
        if struct.name == "s":  # SPECIAL
            # Add an extra nul-byte on the host, and validate UTF-8
            # (also, similar optimization to "d").
            ret += "\n"
            ret += "\tuint32_t base_offset = ctx->net_offset;\n"
            ret += "\tif (checksize_2(ctx))\n"
            ret += "\t\treturn true;\n"
            ret += "\tuint16_t len = decode_u16le(&ctx->net_bytes[base_offset]);\n"
            ret += "\tif (_checksize_net(ctx, len) || _checksize_host(ctx, ((size_t)len)+1))\n"
            ret += "\t\treturn true;\n"
            ret += "\tif (!is_valid_utf8_without_nul(&ctx->net_bytes[base_offset+2], len))\n"
            ret += '\t\treturn lib9p_error(ctx->ctx, LINUX_EBADMSG, "message contains invalid UTF-8");\n'
            ret += "\treturn false;\n"
            ret += "}\n"
            continue

        prefix0 = "\treturn "
        prefix1 = "\t    || "

        struct_versions = struct.members[0].ver

        prefix = prefix0
        prev_size: int | None = None
        for member in struct.members:
            ret += f"\n{prefix}"
            if member.ver != struct_versions:
                ret += "( " + c_vercond(idprefix, member.ver) + " && "
            if member.cnt is not None:
                assert prev_size
                ret += f"_checksize_list(ctx, decode_u{prev_size*8}le(&ctx->net_bytes[ctx->net_offset-{prev_size}]), checksize_{member.typ.name}, sizeof({c_typename(idprefix, member.typ)}))"
            else:
                ret += f"checksize_{member.typ.name}(ctx)"
            if member.ver != struct_versions:
                ret += " )"
            prefix = prefix1
            prev_size = member.static_size
        ret += ";\n}\n"

    # unmarshal_* ##############################################################
    ret += """
/* unmarshal_* ****************************************************************/

static inline void unmarshal_1(struct _unmarshal_ctx *ctx, uint8_t *out) {
	*out = decode_u8le(&ctx->net_bytes[ctx->net_offset]);
	ctx->net_offset += 1;
}

static inline void unmarshal_2(struct _unmarshal_ctx *ctx, uint16_t *out) {
	*out = decode_u16le(&ctx->net_bytes[ctx->net_offset]);
	ctx->net_offset += 2;
}

static inline void unmarshal_4(struct _unmarshal_ctx *ctx, uint32_t *out) {
	*out = decode_u32le(&ctx->net_bytes[ctx->net_offset]);
	ctx->net_offset += 4;
}

static inline void unmarshal_8(struct _unmarshal_ctx *ctx, uint64_t *out) {
	*out = decode_u64le(&ctx->net_bytes[ctx->net_offset]);
	ctx->net_offset += 8;
}
"""
    for struct in structs:
        inline = " inline" if struct.msgid is None else ""
        argfn = used if struct.members else unused
        ret += "\n"
        ret += f"static{inline} void unmarshal_{struct.name}(struct _unmarshal_ctx *{argfn('ctx')}, {c_typename(idprefix, struct)} *out) {{\n"
        ret += "\tmemset(out, 0, sizeof(*out));\n"

        if struct.members:
            struct_versions = struct.members[0].ver
        for member in struct.members:
            ret += "\t"
            prefix = "\t"
            if member.ver != struct_versions:
                ret += "if ( " + c_vercond(idprefix, member.ver) + " ) "
                prefix = "\t\t"
            if member.cnt:
                if member.ver != struct_versions:
                    ret += "{\n"
                ret += f"{prefix}out->{member.name} = ctx->extra;\n"
                ret += f"{prefix}ctx->extra += sizeof(out->{member.name}[0]) * out->{member.cnt};\n"
                ret += f"{prefix}for (typeof(out->{member.cnt}) i = 0; i < out->{member.cnt}; i++)\n"
                ret += f"{prefix}\tunmarshal_{member.typ.name}(ctx, &out->{member.name}[i]);\n"
                if member.ver != struct_versions:
                    ret += "\t}\n"
            else:
                ret += f"unmarshal_{member.typ.name}(ctx, &out->{member.name});\n"
        ret += "}\n"

    # marshal_* ################################################################
    ret += """
/* marshal_* ******************************************************************/

static inline bool _marshal_too_large(struct _marshal_ctx *ctx) {
	lib9p_errorf(ctx->ctx, LINUX_ERANGE, "%s too large to marshal into %s limit (limit=%"PRIu32")",
		(ctx->net_bytes[4] % 2 == 0) ? "T-message" : "R-message",
		ctx->ctx->version ? "negotiated" : ((ctx->net_bytes[4] % 2 == 0) ? "client" : "server"),
		ctx->ctx->max_msg_size);
	return true;
}

static inline bool marshal_1(struct _marshal_ctx *ctx, uint8_t *val) {
	if (ctx->net_offset + 1 > ctx->ctx->max_msg_size)
		return _marshal_too_large(ctx);
	ctx->net_bytes[ctx->net_offset] = *val;
	ctx->net_offset += 1;
	return false;
}

static inline bool marshal_2(struct _marshal_ctx *ctx, uint16_t *val) {
	if (ctx->net_offset + 2 > ctx->ctx->max_msg_size)
		return _marshal_too_large(ctx);
	encode_u16le(*val, &ctx->net_bytes[ctx->net_offset]);
	ctx->net_offset += 2;
	return false;
}

static inline bool marshal_4(struct _marshal_ctx *ctx, uint32_t *val) {
	if (ctx->net_offset + 4 > ctx->ctx->max_msg_size)
		return true;
	encode_u32le(*val, &ctx->net_bytes[ctx->net_offset]);
	ctx->net_offset += 4;
	return false;
}

static inline bool marshal_8(struct _marshal_ctx *ctx, uint64_t *val) {
	if (ctx->net_offset + 8 > ctx->ctx->max_msg_size)
		return true;
	encode_u64le(*val, &ctx->net_bytes[ctx->net_offset]);
	ctx->net_offset += 8;
	return false;
}
"""
    for struct in structs:
        inline = " inline" if struct.msgid is None else ""
        argfn = used if struct.members else unused
        ret += "\n"
        ret += f"static{inline} bool marshal_{struct.name}(struct _marshal_ctx *{argfn('ctx')}, {c_typename(idprefix, struct)} *{argfn('val')}) {{"
        if len(struct.members) == 0:
            ret += "\n\treturn false;\n"
            ret += "}\n"
            continue

        if struct.name == "Rerror":  # SPECIAL
            ret += "\n\t/* Truncate the error-string if necessary to avoid returning ERANGE.  */"
            ret += "\n\tif (((uint32_t)val->ename.len) + ctx->ctx->Rerror_overhead > ctx->ctx->max_msg_size)"
            ret += "\n\t\tval->ename.len = ctx->ctx->max_msg_size - ctx->ctx->Rerror_overhead;"

        prefix0 = "\treturn "
        prefix1 = "\t    || "
        prefix2 = "\t       "

        struct_versions = struct.members[0].ver
        prefix = prefix0
        for member in struct.members:
            ret += f"\n{prefix}"
            if member.ver != struct_versions:
                ret += "( " + c_vercond(idprefix, member.ver) + " && "
            if member.cnt:
                ret += "({"
                ret += f"\n{prefix2}\tbool err = false;"
                ret += f"\n{prefix2}\tfor (typeof(val->{member.cnt}) i = 0; i < val->{member.cnt} && !err; i++)"
                ret += f"\n{prefix2}\t\terr = marshal_{member.typ.name}(ctx, &val->{member.name}[i]);"
                ret += f"\n{prefix2}\terr;"
                ret += f"\n{prefix2}}})"
            else:
                ret += f"marshal_{member.typ.name}(ctx, &val->{member.name})"
            if member.ver != struct_versions:
                ret += " )"
            prefix = prefix1
        ret += ";\n}\n"

    # vtables ##################################################################
    def msg_entry(msg: Struct) -> str:
        ret = ""
        ret += f"\t\t[{idprefix.upper()}TYP_{msg.name}] = {{\n"
        ret += f"\t\t\t.unmarshal_basesize  = sizeof({c_typename(idprefix, msg)}),\n"
        ret += f"\t\t\t.unmarshal_extrasize = checksize_{msg.name},\n"
        ret += f"\t\t\t.unmarshal           = (_unmarshal_fn_t)unmarshal_{msg.name},\n"
        ret += f"\t\t\t.marshal             = (_marshal_fn_t)marshal_{msg.name},\n"
        ret += "\t\t},\n"
        return ret

    ret += f"""
/* vtables ********************************************************************/

struct _vtable_version _{idprefix}vtables[LIB9P_VER_NUM] = {{
"""

    ret += f"\t[{idprefix.upper()}VER_UNINITIALIZED] = {{ .msgs = {{\n"
    for msg in structs:
        if msg.name in ["Tversion", "Rversion", "Rerror"]:  # SPECIAL
            ret += msg_entry(msg)
    ret += "\t}},\n"

    for ver in sorted(versions):
        ret += f"\t[{c_verenum(idprefix, ver)}] = {{ .msgs = {{\n"
        for msg in structs:
            if ver not in msg.msgver:
                continue
            ret += msg_entry(msg)
        ret += "\t}},\n"
    ret += "};\n"

    ############################################################################
    return ret


################################################################################


class Parser:
    cache: dict[str, tuple[str, list[Struct]]] = {}

    def parse_file(self, filename: str) -> tuple[str, list[Struct]]:
        filename = os.path.normpath(filename)
        if filename not in self.cache:

            def get_include(other_filename: str) -> tuple[str, list[Struct]]:
                return self.parse_file(os.path.join(filename, "..", other_filename))

            self.cache[filename] = parse_file(filename, get_include)
        return self.cache[filename]

    def all(self) -> tuple[set[str], list[Struct]]:
        ret_versions: set[str] = set()
        ret_structs: dict[str, Struct] = {}
        for version, structs in self.cache.values():
            if version in ret_versions:
                raise ValueError(f"duplicate protocol version {repr(version)}")
            ret_versions.add(version)
            for struct in structs:
                if struct.name in ret_structs:
                    if struct != ret_structs[struct.name]:
                        raise ValueError(f"duplicate struct name {repr(struct.name)}")
                else:
                    ret_structs[struct.name] = struct
        return ret_versions, list(ret_structs.values())


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys

    if len(sys.argv) < 2:
        raise ValueError("requires at least 1 .txt filename")
    parser = Parser()
    for txtname in sys.argv[1:]:
        parser.parse_file(txtname)
    versions, structs = parser.all()
    outdir = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(sys.argv[0], ".."))
    with open(os.path.join(outdir, "include/lib9p/_types.h"), "w") as fh:
        fh.write(gen_h("lib9p_", versions, structs))
    with open(os.path.join(outdir, "types.c"), "w") as fh:
        fh.write(gen_c("lib9p_", versions, structs))