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# 9P2000.txt - Definitions of 9P2000 messages
#
# Copyright (C) 2024 Luke T. Shumaker <lukeshu@lukeshu.com>
# SPDX-Licence-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
# The format of each message (excluding the "size[4] msg_type[1]
# tag[2]" header) is written here as a sequence of
# "member_name[member_type]" struct members.
#
# The primitive member types types are the following single-character
# mnemonics:
#
# - 1 = u8
# - 2 = u16le
# - 4 = u32le
# - 8 = u16le
# "9P2000" base protocol
# https://ericvh.github.io/9p-rfc/rfc9p2000.html
# https://github.com/ericvh/9p-rfc/blob/master/9p2000.xml
#
# But due to incompleteness of the draft RFC, the Plan 9 manual
# section-5 and the Plan 9 headers (particularly fcall.h) are often
# better references.
version "9P2000"
# data (u32le `n`, then `n` bytes of data)
d = "len[4] len*(dat[1])"
# string (u16le `n`, then `n` bytes of UTF-8)
s = "len[2] len*(utf8[1])"
# "d"? mode - (file permissions and attributes)
bitfield dm 32
31/DIR
30/APPEND
29/EXCL
# DMMOUNT has been around in Plan 9 forever, but is
# undocumented, and is explicitly excluded from the 9P2000
# draft RFC. As I understand it, DMMOUNT indicates that the
# file is mounted by the kernel as a 9P transport; that the
# kernel has a lock on doing I/O on it, so userspace can't do
# I/O on it.
28/_PLAN9_MOUNT
27/AUTH
26/TMP
#...
8/OWNER_R
7/OWNER_W
6/OWNER_X
5/GROUP_R
4/GROUP_W
3/GROUP_X
2/OTHER_R
1/OTHER_W
0/OTHER_X
PERM=0777 # {OWNER,GROUP,OTHER}_{R,W,X}
# QID Type (see qid below)
bitfield qt 8
7/DIR
6/APPEND
5/EXCL
4/_PLAN9_MOUNT # see DMMOUNT above
3/AUTH
# Fun historical fact: QTTMP was a relatively late addition to
# Plan 9, in 2003-12.
2/TMP
#1/unused
# "The name QTFILE, defined to be zero, identifies the value
# of the type for a plain file."
FILE=0
# uni"Q"ue "ID"entification - "two files on the same server hierarchy
# are the same if and only if their qids are the same"
#
# - "path" is a unique uint64_t that does most of the work in the
# above statement about files being the same if their QIDs are the
# same; " If a file is deleted and recreated with the same name in
# the same directory, the old and new path components of the qids
# should be different"
#
# - "vers" "is a version number for a file; typically, it is
# incremented every time the file is modified.
#
# - "type" indicates "whether the file is a directory, append-only
# file, etc."; is an instance of the qid_type bitfield.
qid = "type[qt] vers[4] path[8]"
# stat (TODO)
stat = "stat_size[2,val=end-&kern_type]"
"kern_type[2]"
"kern_dev[4]"
"file_qid[qid]"
"file_mode[dm]"
"file_atime[4]"
"file_mtime[4]"
"file_size[8]"
"file_name[s]"
"file_owner_uid[s]"
"file_owner_gid[s]"
"file_last_modified_uid[s]"
# "O"pen flags (flags to pass to Topen and Tcreate)
bitfield o 8
0/rwx_0 # low bit of the 2-bit READ/WRITE/RDWR/EXEC enum
1/rwx_1 # high bit of the 2-bit READ/WRITE/RDWR/EXEC enum
#2/unused
#3/unused
4/TRUNC
#5/unused
6/RCLOSE # remove-on-close
#7/unused
READ = 0 # unlock read()
WRITE = 1 # unlock write()
RDWR = 2 # unlock read() and write()
EXEC = 3 # unlock read() for files, walk() for directories
# In the 9P protocol, each message has a type, and message types come
# in pairs (except "Rerror"); "T" and "R"; T-messages are
# client->server requests, and R-messages are server->client responses
# (the client "Transmits" T-messages and "Receives" R-messages). The
# type of a message is represented by a u8 ID; T-messages are even and
# R-messages are odd.
100/Tversion = "max_msg_size[4] version[s]"
101/Rversion = "max_msg_size[4] version[s]"
102/Tauth = "afid[4] uname[s] aname[s]"
103/Rauth = "aqid[qid]"
104/Tattach = "fid[4] afid[4] uname[s] aname[s]"
105/Rattach = "qid[qid]"
#106/Terror = "illegal"
107/Rerror = "ename[s]"
108/Tflush = "oldtag[2]"
109/Rflush = ""
110/Twalk = "fid[4] newfid[4] nwname[2,max=16] nwname*(wname[s])"
111/Rwalk = "nwqid[2,max=16] nwqid*(wqid[qid])"
112/Topen = "fid[4] mode[o]"
113/Ropen = "qid[qid] iounit[4]"
114/Tcreate = "fid[4] name[s] perm[dm] mode[o]"
115/Rcreate = "qid[qid] iounit[4]"
116/Tread = "fid[4] offset[8] count[4]"
117/Rread = "data[d]" # for directories, `data` is the sequence "cnt*(entries[stat])"
118/Twrite = "fid[4] offset[8] data[d]"
119/Rwrite = "count[4]"
120/Tclunk = "fid[4]"
121/Rclunk = ""
122/Tremove = "fid[4]"
123/Rremove = ""
124/Tstat = "fid[4]"
125/Rstat = "nstat[2,val=end-&stat] stat[stat]" # See the "BUG" note in the RFC for the nstat field
126/Twstat = "fid[4] nstat[2,val=end-&stat] stat[stat]" # See the "BUG" note in the RFC for the nstat field
127/Rwstat = ""
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